Current Issues Financial Accounting - 1533 Words

Critical analysis Article descriptions The journal article named â€Å"The crisis of fair-value accounting: Making sense of the recent debate† is written by Christian Laux and Christian Leuz in Accounting and Organisations and Society journal (2009). Mr Laux works as a professor of finance at the Goethe University in Frankurt and his research has been published in many journals. Mr Leuz works as a professor of International Economics at University of Chicago Booth School of Business. He has done a lot of research and published his findings in several journals while acquiring many several grants and honours. Both authors have an immense amount of experience and qualifications in the area of accounting. The accounting topics that are†¦show more content†¦There is more flexibility for manipulation of the accounting figures. The authors also points out that this flexibility for manipulation should not be underestimated citing past loans and goodwill policies crisis. The article also finds after discussing the arguments for and against Historical Cost Accounting that is could not be a good replacement for FVA and HCA has problems more severe than the problems with FVA. The article concludes that the debate about FVA is full of arguments that do not hold up to further scrutiny and need more economic analysis. The authors concludes that in their view, it is better to design prudential regulation that accepts FVA as a starting point but sets explicit counter cyclical capital requirements. The article concludes that trade off between transparency and financial stability as well as the interactions between accounting and prudential regulations needs further analysis and suggest areas for further research which includes whether FVA did in fact contribute to the financial crisis through contagion effects, and the interactions between FVA and other important elements of the institutional framework. The articles also suggests the study should be done to find out the what role HCA may have played for the banking crisis and the role of, off balance sheet vehicles and retained positionsShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Conceptual Framework in Accounting1606 Words   |  6 Pagesstandardises the accounting practices by providing the accounting bodies with well-defined financial protocols, it often fails to meet the requirements of different users. The adaptation of standardised financial statements enables the standard setting boards to enhance suitability of the financial standards according to competition in market without creating any legal issues (Beasley, 2010). On other hand, implementation of conceptual framework also reduces government control on financial bodies. HoweverRead MoreIntermediate Accounting 14 Edition Test Bank – by Kieso1044 Words   |  5 PagesIntermediate Accounting 14 Edition Test Bank – By Kieso Follow Link Below To Get Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/intermediate-accounting-14-edition-test-bank-by-kieso/ Description: Chapter 1 Financial Accounting and Accounting Standards Chapter 2 Conceptual Framework Underlying Financial Accounting Chapter 3 The Accounting Information System Chapter 4 INCOME STATEMENT AND RELATED INFORMATION Chapter 5 BALANCE SHEET AND STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS Read MoreRecent Changes And Amendments Within The Financial Accounting Standards Board1227 Words   |  5 Pages Recent Changes and Amendments within the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Name of Student: Name of Course and Code: University Affiliation: Name of Professor: Date of Submission: â€Æ' RECENT CHANGES AND AMENDMENTS WITHIN THE FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (FASB) On August 18, 2016, Norwalk, CT, —The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued an Accounting Standards Update (ASU) meant to simplify and improve the way a not-for-profit organization category its net assets, asRead MoreDesigning International Accounting Standards And The Difficulties Of A Single Framework For Improvement1038 Words   |  5 Pagesconceptual framework in constructing International Accounting Standards and the difficulties of a single framework for improvement of accounting standards. 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In recent years, insurance contracts of accounting fail to provide users the information that they need to understand the insurer’s performance, financial position and risk exposure. Furthermore, International Financial Reporting Standards does not define and address specific insurance issues. So theRead MoreAn Accounting Method For A Transparent Government1628 Words   |  7 PagesAn Accounting Method for a Transparent Government *I got some bad news about my health. I should be okay, but I m worried all the work I ve done will go unknown if I don t publish now. This was finished in haste. Please forgive errors, typos, glitches, and bad programming techniques.* I ve designed an accounting method to be used to for a transparent government that is easily understood by even a layperson. Thus, every citizen of age can understand the financial position of their city. IRead MoreAssignment 1 Research Of Emerging Accou1725 Words   |  7 PagesEmerging Accounting Issues Abstract This paper I’ll research the most important impact that the mission of the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) exerts upon the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB); analyze the EITF’s effectiveness with finding resolutions to emerging accounting issues by research the issues from the EITF’s â€Å"Description and Status of Current Issues† such as 9/11 and analyze at least the primary manner in which a company’s accounting andRead MoreIntermediate Accounting I Final Paper1750 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1973, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was created and their mission is â€Å"to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting for the guidance and education of the public, including issuers, auditors, and users of financial information.† (FASB.org, 2009a). The FASB is a private, not-for-profit organization whose primary purpose is to develop generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) within the United States. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

The United States And The Civil Rights Movement - 903 Words

Beginning in the 1960’s the growing strength of the civil rights movement struck the attention of political figures that influenced calls to reform the U.S. immigration policy. In the 1920’s immigration was based on the national-origins quota system. The system assigned each nationality a quota, which restricted immigration on the basis of existing proportions of the population due to its representation in past U.S. census figures. The goal of the quota system was to maintain the existing ethnic composition of the United States. However, the Civil Rights Movement’s focus on equal treatment regardless of race or ethnicity led to many to view the system as discrimination. Many politicians agreed with the unethical dilemma and on July 23, 1963 President John F. Kennedy addressed the system in his message to congress as having â€Å"no basis in either logic nor reason.† It neither satisfies a national need nor accomplishes an international purpose. In an age o f interdependence among nations, such a system is an anachronism for it discriminates among applicants for admission into the United States on the basis of the accident of birth. (Kennedy, John F., Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1964, pp. 594-597.) The support for change grew when foreign policy began to show concern. After Kennedy’s assassination that November, congress eventually passed the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 which replaced theShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil rights movement in the USA in the 1950’s and 1960’s.can be termed as a democratic movement. The basic reason behind this was the discrimination of the African-Americans that were enslaved and did not have citizen rights. The African-Americans protested greatly against their injustice. The birth of the civil rights movement was before the 1954 Supreme Court’s decision on Brown versus Board of Education (Topeka) which stated that separate but equal schools was against the Constitution. FromRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement in the United States1401 Words   |  6 PagesSocial movements are one of the primary means through which the public is able to collectively express their concerns about the rights and wellbeing of themsel ves and others. Under the proper conditions, social movements not only shed light on issues and open large scale public discourse, but they can also serve as a means of eliciting expedited societal change and progress. 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Women fought to be able to stand next to a man in any profession and receive equal pay and respect. Now, since the late 1960s it is the homosexuals who still struggle for their equal rights. The homosexuals movement is a civil rights movement that advocates for equivalent and social rights for the lesbian, gay, bisexual,Read MoreThe United States Of The Civil Rights Movement1803 Words   |  8 Pagesmany wars in the United States of America occurring. After World War two things began to change. The Soviet Union and United States of America had many differences. Even the world after World War Two was very different than before. A doctrine of containment was developed and programs began to be put in place due to this doctrine. There was also a Cold War and there were many importa nt causes that lead to this war. The United States also had a lot going on because of the Civil-rights revolution. 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The organization wanted to stop unlicensed abortions by forcing the people giving them out of business. Religious leader s supported the American Medical Association’s move and worked with

Doing Ethics Technique Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Doing Ethics Technique. Answer: Scenario The case study is based on the scenario that includes the meeting between the Project Managers and the Program Director working on the project. The Managers has been told by the project client and the CEO to pre-pone the launch of the project. The Program Director does not agree to take the decision as there are some critical defects in the project (Youtube, 2017). List of the Facts The early launch of the project will mean that the encryption will not be included in the final release of the system. The absence of encryption will be dangerous from the security point of view. The internal project team members, that is, the Project Manager and the Program Director are aware about the possible implications (Bergold Thomas, 2012). Issues Involved The project currently does not have one of the most significant properties, that is, the encryption. The exclusion of encryption from the project will result in numerous impacts that will be negative for the project as well as for the users of the end product (Heeney, 2016). Hiding the information from the project client will be violation of the business ethics and going ahead with the project with early launch will also not be productive as there will be several risks and attacks that may take place (Glover, 2009). Entities Affected The project team member will be held responsible for the issues that the user may experience with the defective end product. The project client will also be impacted as the client will have to bear the losses resulting out due to the defects present in the end product (Birkholm, 2016). The information of the end users will be put at risk and therefore the end users will be affected. Ethical Issues and their Implications: Virtue Ethics Ethics is one of the essential properties and disciplines that are required to be followed. In order to implement and understand the ethical principles in the business organizations and other units, there are various ethical theories that have been created. One of such theories is the theory of Virtue Ethics. This is the theory that states that the virtues are the primary factors that determine the ethical justification of any task (Annas, 2014). In the scenario of early launch of the project, there are selfish interests of the Project Manager involved. The Manager is willing to launch the defective product as he is aware that it will allow him to have enhanced number of business opportunities along with client appreciation. Due to the involvement of negative virtues, the act of early launch of the defective product is not correct from the theory of Virtue Ethics. Theory of Consequentialism There are different ethical theories that have been defined and each of these theories has their respective principles and guidelines that are used to determine the ethical accuracy. One of such theories is the theory of Consequentialism that keeps the base of the ethical justification as the results that come out from the activities that are executed (Hoeyer, 2012). In this particular theory, if there is presence of positive consequences then the act is ethically correct. However, if there is increased presence of negative consequences then the act is ethically incorrect. In order to go ahead with the early launch of the project, the consequences will include short-term results as satisfied customer and appreciation from the client. Once, the defects result in the security implications, there will be negative consequences as loss to the customers, poor reputation in the market and disclosure of the information in front of the unauthorized users. There is an increased presence of negative consequences in this case and therefore the act is not correct as per this theory. Deontology Ethics Deontology ethics is the ethical theory that says that an act shall adhere to the rules that define and guard the activity (Mandal, Ponnambath, Parija, 2016). In every business organization, there are rules that are followed in the form of ethical principles, codes of conducts and regulatory policies that shall be adhered to. Also, the project objectives include the customer satisfaction and market reputation as the primary attributes. The project methodologies state that these attributes shall be followed and all of the project requirements shall be met. In case of the early launch of the project, there is a violation of all the rules that have been stated above. Therefore, the project is ethically incorrect. Steps to take It will be necessary for the Project Manager to revise the schedule and resources of the project. The practice will lead to the enhancement in the number of resources which will make it easy to include encryption to meet the early launch date (Ehrbar, 2015). The Program Director shall also suggest the alternative encryption techniques that may be implemented quickly and accurately to ensure privacy and security. List of Options The strategies that are used in the project shall be revised to include the new schedule and new set of responsibilities allocated to the project resources. There shall be a meeting carried out between Project Manager and the senior management of the organization to bring in additional internal resources. The project client shall be contacted to seek increased amount of time so as to include all the necessary functionalities in the project. Conclusion There are several ethical theories that have been created in order to make sure that ethics is involved in every activity that is included. The scenario in the case study involves the early launch of the project that is not complete in terms of the security properties. The case study has been analyzed as per the different ethical theories. All of the ethical theories state that the act is not correct from the ethical perspective and principles. There shall be steps that the management and leadership involved in the project must take to make sure that the ethical correctness is reflected and is maintained in all of the activities that are performed in association with the project. References Annas, J. (2014). Applying Virtue to Ethics. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/japp.12103/abstract Bergold, J. Thomas, S. (2012). Participatory Research Methods: A Methodological Approach in Motion. Qualitative-research.net. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1801/3334 Birkholm, K. (2016). HYLE 22-1 (2016): The Ethical Judgment: Chemical Psychotropics. Hyle.org. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://www.hyle.org/journal/issues/22-1/birkholm.htm Ehrbar, J. (2015). Ethical Considerations of Genetic Manipulation in Sport. The Sport Journal. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://thesportjournal.org/article/ethical-considerations-of-genetic-manipulation-in-sport/ Glover, J. (2009). Doing  Ethics in Rural Health Care Institutions. Retrieved from https://geiselmed.dartmouth.edu/cfm/resources/ethics/chapter-04.pdf Heeney, C. (2016). An Ethical Moment  in Data Sharing - May 13, 2016. Journals.sagepub.com. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0162243916648220 Hoeyer, K. (2012). Transgressive ethics: Professional work ethics as a perspective on aggressive organ harvesting - Oct 26, 2012. Journals.sagepub.com. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0306312712460341 Mandal, J., Ponnambath, D., Parija, S. (2016). Utilitarian and deontological ethics in medicine. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778182/ Youtube. (2017). Scenario 3: Early Launch. YouTube. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5M7ohdZ6qA

Occupational Analysis Inventory Essay Example

Occupational Analysis Inventory Essay Occupational Analysis Inventory. Mohammed Adnan Waseem. Course Title: Advances in HRD Supervisor: Prof. Dr Syed Tahir Hijazi. What is Job Analysis? Acquiring information about the jobs in the organization is much important especially for Human Resource department. A job is a schedule of tasks, duties and responsibilities that can be performed by a jobholder. Job analysis is to study these schedules of activities to find out tasks, duties and responsibilities needed for each job. So we can say that, process of collecting and organizing knowledge about a specific job and its requirements is called job analysis For job analysis, questionnaires are basic requirement. There are different types of questionnaires being used to carry out job analysis procedure. One of them is Occupational Analysis Inventory, which is discussed in detail in coming lines. Occupational Analysis Inventory: The Occupational Analysis Inventory contains 617 descriptions of work activities and conditions also called work elements† on the basis of which occupations are rated. In some references number of elements is 622. ) The OAI work elements were produced within the broad framework of an information processing paradigm. It is a useful tool for collecting highly specific and related information about a job. The OAI reveals following five major categories: (1) Information Received, (2) Mental Activities, (3) Work Behavior, (4) Work Goals, (5) Work environment. These major categories a re further subdivided regarding to selected conceptual framework pertaining to the human behavior and work requirements. We will write a custom essay sample on Occupational Analysis Inventory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Occupational Analysis Inventory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Occupational Analysis Inventory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Model for the Occupational Analysis Inventory: AIl respondents have to rate each job element by selecting from four ratings given below: (1) part-of-job, (2) extent, (3) application, (4) a special scale designed for the element. Uses: OAI has a very vast use, from Army to industry, etc. The OAI has been used to gather information on 1,400 (approximately) jobs selected to represent five major occupational categories. To cope with the changing nature of the organizational activities, occupational analysis and classification system keeps an eye on the characteristics of the person performing the job, the context in which he or she is performing it and what output is being produced by him/her in the presence of (maybe) unstable environmental, economic, demographic and technological conditions. Implications for the Army: As other private and public organizations, Army is also experiencing changes in the nature of work. It is considered that these changes can create pressure in the structure and content of soldier’s duties. To meet these challenges OAI is considered very useful technique. Results: There are almost four main points that are emerging from OAI. Three relates to increasing heterogeneity of employers, jobs, and the workplace environment, and the fourth focuses on the need for an orderly approach to understanding work dynamics. First, the workforce is becoming more diverse with respect to demographics; these dynamics appear to have resulted in greater heterogeneity within traditional occupational categories. Second, the differentiation among jobs and departments is becoming another threatening issue. Third the work structure issue appears to be increasing, and these decisions are interdependent. The fourth and final theme emerges from this interdependency. Limitations: Results obtained by Occupational Analysis Inventory have been moderate not so much reliable. According to some analysts, their level is almost lower than other used methods (e. g. PAQ , WPS etc. ). Why do Occupational Analysis? There are three reasons that why we use OAI: . It is an appropriate way which guarantees highly competitive recruiting, hiring, classifying, training, promoting and out-placing your most valuable resource (your workforce); 2. Its an easy way to train and retain the best qualified people; 3. It is a more flexible on the item inventories (tasks, competencies, knowledge-skill-abilities, etc. ) Comparison with other Methods: If we compare it with Fleishman Job Analysis Survey, F-JAS model is a system to describe jobs from the point of view of necessary capacities. While OAI was designed to yield more specific job information relating to all elements of job, not only necessary capacities. If we compare it with Functional Job Analysis, FJAS requires specific additional skills or others that may not be as necessary as originally thought for conducting the survey. In this way it becomes specific task not a general purpose. While in OAI, there is no limitation of this type. If we compare it with MOSAIC, MOSAIC uses (almost) close ended questions, which limits its results. Because questionnaires at this level should be a mixture of both (open ended and close ended). Another negative of MOSAIC is that, it takes 151 job elements rated in terms of importance for effective job performance, while OAI uses 617 job elements. If we compare it with Position Analysis Questionnaire, PAQ does not describe the tasks, technologies, or duties of jobs. It just measures job characteristics and relates them to human characteristics. While OAI describes the occupation in much details. If we compare it with Work Profiling System, WPS is only computer-administered on-site at a company. It just measures ability and personality attributes, while leaving others.

ESL Beginner Reading Comprehension

ESL Beginner Reading Comprehension This dialogue involves an interview in which a customer speaks about what brands she likes the best. When comparing two brands use the comparative form, but when speaking about many brands use the superlative form to discuss which brand is best or worst. Teachers can use this lesson on the comparative and superlative forms to help practice the form. Practice using this dialogue and then have your own discussions about which types of products you like best. An Interview at the Shopping Mall Interviewer: Good evening, I hope you dont mind answering a few questions. Alice: How long will it take? Interviewer: Just a few questions.​ Alice: I guess I can manage to answer a few questions. Go ahead. Interviewer: Id like to ask your opinion about consumer electronics. As far as consumer electronics is concerned, which is the most reliable brand? Alice: Id say that Samsung is the most reliable brand. Interviewer: Which brand is the most expensive? Alice: Well, Samsung is also the most expensive brand. I guess thats why its the best. Interviewer: Which brand do you think is the worst? Alice: I think LG is the worst. I really cant remember using any of their products that I liked. Interviewer: And which brand is the most popular with young people? Alice: Thats a difficult one to answer for me. I think that Sony is probably the most popular with young people. Interviewer: One last question, Have you tried using any HP products? Alice: No, I havent. Are they good? Interviewer: I enjoy using them. But I didnt stop you to tell you what I think. Thank you for your time. Alice: Not at all. More Dialogue Practice - Includes level and target structures/language functions for each dialogue.

The Art of Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Art of Analysis - Research Paper Example Dependencies should not be partial on the combined key; this is the main task in this stage. The items in the table must depend on all the combined keys, attributes should not depend on only one of the keys. Sending of normal form fails if this is not attained. Item total price and order total price are derivatives, hence, they should not be a part of the database all these fields, apart from the item quantity, do not fully depend on both order id and item id, hence, the table fails the 2nd normal form standards or requirements. The solution to this is to split the table into two tables so that the items that depend on order id fall in the table with order-id as the primary key, while those items that depend on item-id fall in that table too. Given that item_qty fully depends on order id, item id field and order id field, which is also in the order-item table as primary forming a many to one relation indicated in the diagrams. After this, the table now passed to the 2nd normal form by having field which depends fully on the primary key in the orders table (Diagram 3) but in order-items table the item_price and item_descripition do not depend on order_id as in case with the primary key, hence, further splitting of this table is needed. With diagram 4 all the requirements for the 2nd normalization have been achieved.

Working Capital Management and UK Listed Companies Profitability Dissertation

Working Capital Management and UK Listed Companies Profitability - Dissertation Example Research Question How do the working capital management affect the profitability of manufacturing companies of UK? 2. Aim and Objectives of the Research The research paper will strive to deal with the relationship of companies’ working capital management and their profitability. Working capital management is vital area for the growth and sustainability of companies and hence, it plays very significant role in determining the level of profitability. However, the corporate environment of different countries varies and hence, management of specific region have their different priorities for achieving growth and success. This is the reason correlation between the two or more variables of different regions vary. The primary aim of this paper is to examine the relationship of working capital management with profitability level of the listed manufacturing companies in UK. Working capital management includes number components that determine the efficiency of the management. Considerin g these facts, the research will also focus on certain specific objective as follows. To determine the efficacy of management in managing working capital of manufacturing listed companies of UK. To present and understand theoretical background relating to efficiency of working capital management and company growth. To determine the relationship between different components of working capital management and components of profitability. To determine influence of efficient working capital management on level of profitability and growth in listed manufacturing companies of UK. 3. Literature Review 3.1. Theoretical Background of Research This section will attempt to a theoretical background relation to the working capital management and profitability. Working capital management has always been a very critical area for companies’ growth and sustainability. Working capital mainly includes two basic components i.e. current liabilities and current asset. The efficient management of th ese two types of capital is known working capital management (Siddiqui, 2006, p.279). In order to present a detail background of working capital management, this section will explicitly present need of working capital and its importance for the growth of a company. Next, it will also analyse the different objectives of working capital management. Efficient working capital management is also highly required for managing risks within a company. A company is always exposed to number of risks and the working capital management is directly related to certain risks like operational risks, liquidity risks, credit risks, and information reporting risks. An efficient management of working must assure a lower level of risks. Therefore, working capital management can also be termed as a tool to overcome the stated risks that may create threat to sustainability of a company (Sagner, 2010, p.201). Another major role of working capital management is that it strives to create a trade off between r isk and profitability. In this regard, the risk is technically insolvency which is measure by net working capital (NWC). It has been found that many firms can operate in spite of facing technically insolvency. However, in such case, the company suffered from ‘slow poisoned’ as technically insolvency negatively affect growth, profitability and operational efficacy. If the management is unable to overcome this technically insolvency position, it may lead to business collapse (Khan, 2004, p.26.4). Using the financial techniques like ratio analyses, efficacy level of the working capital can be determined and it also reflect the managements’