Wal Marts Compensation And Benefits Program - 1406 Words

High Turnover Rate Having a high turnover rate is the major effect of these challenges with Wal-Mart’s compensation and benefits program. If employees are dissatisfied with their pay they are more than likely going to find another job. People need to support themselves and their families and without proper pay it is not possible. Wal-Mart employees have been quitting left and right because they have found another company that will pay them a better and fairer wage for the same position. The high number of employees quitting due to low wages has caused Wal-Mart to have a high turnover rate. However, this is not Wal-Marts only reason for such a high turnover rate. The lack of health insurance benefits offered to employees is the main and perhaps the most important cause of high turnover rate for Wal-Mart. People need health insurance not only for themselves but for their families as well. Without health insurance Wal-Marts workers are not able to see doctors when they or their family gets sick or even for a regular checkup. Since their employees are not getting the health benefits needed they are leaving Wal-Mart to find another company that will give them the health benefits needed and for a lower out of pocket premium. Wal-Mart also teaches manufacturers to be more cost-effective so product prices can stay down. For example, Wal-Mart might suggest that a supplier cut its labor costs by shipping toasters in their cartons, rather than packing them in bigger boxes andShow MoreRelatedWalmarts Compensation Strategy: The Reason for the Companys Success Profitability and Position1768 Words   |  7 PagesWal-Marts Compensation Strategy: The success of companies in todays market place is a process that involves the way business practitioners manage its workers and the financial resources and structures. The management of employees, structures, and financial resources includes the development and establishment of effective compensation strategy. Actually, the lack of a sound compensation system has negative impacts on the companys ability to recruit and retain competent and best-qualified employeesRead MoreCompensation Management System at Walmart Supercenter: A Critical Analysis1517 Words   |  6 PagesCompensation Management for Wal-Mart Supercenter Compensation is broadly described as any payment or reward that is given to an individual for services performed. Generally, compensation is not restricted to direct or indirect financial incentives since it includes monetary and non-monetary elements. From an operational perspective, managers define compensation as the package of financial rewards that includes salaries, bonuses, wages, commissions, and insurance as well as other kinds of indirectRead MoreCase Study : Compensation And Walmart1291 Words   |  6 Pages Case Study 4: Compensation and Walmart Introduction Not too long ago, Wal-Mart was displayed in Fortune’s top 10 admired corporations. Wal-Mart’s founder, Mr. Sam Walton, built the company with the intent to please the community and the employees, and establish a strong corporation. His philosophy was based on innovative systematic strategies and approaches geared toward decision-making and improving the business. In recent years, there has been a decline in the corporation’s reputation, dueRead MoreEssay Wal-Mart1065 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: WAL-MART EXPANDS HEALTH BENEFITS Business Case 4 Human Resource Management Foundation – HRM 500 1. How well do you think Wal-Mart’s earlier, more limited health benefits supported the company’s overall business strategy? I feel Wal-Mart’s earlier, limited health benefits did not support the company’s overall business strategy because, in order for employees to want to work for a specific employer, employees must feel they are making a difference in his/her position. EmployeesRead MoreCase Study : Compensation And Wal Mart1185 Words   |  5 PagesCase #4: Compensation and Wal-Mart Introduction When most people talk about Compensation they tend to think about money and getting paid. Well they are partially correct in that you do receive something mainly money for a service someone has done. Compensation refers to money received for work, such as wages, salaries and tips, while the word benefits describes job extras provided by the employer. (Frenz, 2016) Employees can also receive benefits from their companies like health and dental insuranceRead MoreHrm 534857 Words   |  4 Pages1– Organizational Culture at Wal-Mart Casandra Reynolds Dr. Tonya D. Moore HRM 534 Employee and Labor Relations July 25, 2013 Explain How Viable Employee Relations Practices Have Contributed to Wal-Mart’s Success as an Employer. Wal-Mart is one of the largest retailers and employers in the world. It currently has over 2 million employees (www.statisticbrain.com). This is mainly due to the tenets Sam Walton introduced to the company. Associates of Wal-Mart focus on respect for theRead MoreHr Report1523 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunistic attitude that will drive an individual approach towards his or her successful career path. Some of the development tools that Google offers are GoogleEDU. GoogleEDU, â€Å"the search engine’s two-year-old learning and leadership development program, offers classes for new managers and executives to help them adjust to the Google culture and manage Google’s staff in a professional manner. This is a formalizing learning opportunity that teaches employees what they need to know to keep productiveRead More Wal-Mart Case Study Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesWal-Mart Case Study Case Review and Recommendations As we have reviewed and studied the strategy, culture, finances and the challenges and successes at Wal-Mart, there are many strategies we see that the company must undertake to hold its dominate position and drive further growth. Herein, we define our top four. These core strategies include: rebuild and recreate its reputation in the face of recent challenges; continue to show price leadership; improve the customer experience; and driveRead MoreStrategic HR Management Case Study: HR Planning and Strategic Change for Wal-Mart6492 Words   |  26 PagesSTRATEGIC CHANGE FOR WAL-MART [pic] Bouffard, Jason Fiel, Zachary Kizil, Cevdet Pimental, Kristen Swihart, Jason Southern New Hampshire University Strategic Human Resource Management – Dr. Annette West October 29, 2006 CONTENTS I. Abstract II. Wal-Mart Employee Selection, Training, and Development III. Wal-Mart Human Resources Planning IV. Wal-Mart Performance Compensation Management V. Wal-Mart – Strategy Strategic Changes VI. Wal-Mart: A StrategicRead MoreWalmart Management1714 Words   |  7 Pages Wal-Mart Stores: Managing Diverse Organizations By Angela L. Farrish Webster University Ms. Amy Thenor December 2011 Wal-Mart In 1970, Sam Walton the founder of Wal-Mart implemented an extremely significant warehouse distribution system. This new system evolved into Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and in that same year the company was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The company began to expand extremely rapidly throughout the 70’s. During this period Wal-Mart

Analysis Of Stephen Crane s The Open Boat - 1543 Words

Naturalism is a literary genre that focuses on how the role of social conditions, family background, and the environment shape the character. Most stories are based on the idea that the environment determines and governs human character (2015). Naturalists depict their characters as having little or no control over their lives, as they are usually removed of their free will by uncontrollable external forces (such as nature) or if they are in a lower class of society. Some characteristics of naturalist writing include determinism, pessimism, indifference to the environment, and survival. Stephen Crane’s The Open Boat is an exemplar of naturalist writing, as it shows most, if not all, of these characteristics. 1. Determinism According to†¦show more content†¦Although steady, it was deep with mourning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Crane p. 585). Though usually optimistic and upbeat, the captain shares a couple of pessimistic thoughts while they were stranded. In section 4, the captain says, â€Å"if we don’t get ashore†¦if we don’t get ashore, I suppose you fellows know where to send news of my finish?† (Crane p. 590). The captain, the supposed leader, says these discouraging words. He also repeats, â€Å"If we don’t get ashore† which it also shows a pessimistic attitude. Even though pessimism is an important part of naturalism, an indifference of nature is one of the key characteristics in naturalistic literature, and it is shown in The Open Boat. 3. Indifference to Nature The four men in The Open Boat have no control over their situation as nature controls their story. This is shown in the first lines of the story: â€Å"None of them knew the color of the sky. Their eyes glanced level, and were fastened upon the waves that swept them.† (Crane p. 584). The first few sentences just say that the four men can’t see the sky since the waves splash into them. Crane sets the scene of this bleak tale by giving the reader a setting that is the complete opposite of a serene, nice, day out on the water. It shows that the crew’s lives are only going to go downhill from there. Later in section 1, Crane writes that â€Å"A singular disadvantage of the sea lies in the fact that after successfullyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Analysis of The Open Boat by Stephen Crane1415 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of The Open Boat by Stephen Crane Story: â€Å"The Open Boat,† 1897 Author: Stephen Crane (1871-1900) Central Character: There is no real central character in this story. All the men on the boat are spoken about more or less equally and no prominent character jumps out at the reader as being the central character. Although more emphasis is put onto the correspondent, and Billie the oiler. Other Character: The cook: bails water from boat. Billie the oiler: steers and rows boat, is the onlyRead MoreThe Open Boat By Stephen Crane1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe Open Boat Analysis The Open Boat is a wildly creative text. The author explores fiction and philosophy to achieve a balance of literature professionalism. The text is a masterpiece reality expressed through the creation of characters representatives of society and day to day living. Symbolic use of characters and human titles plays a key role in delivering the message of the author. Stephen Crane, the author exploits the power of harmony to establish a relationship where every individual isRead MoreLiterary Analysis of A White Heron2159 Words   |  9 PagesLiterature Analysis Part 1 Throughout the history Fiction has been used by many writers to emphasize on environment and the importance it has in our lives. A White Heron, is a great example of how an article can effectively grip the attention of the reader and delivering a vital message at the same time. On the other hand fact based articles are based on truth, research and years of hard work but unfortunately most of the time they fail to capture the common reader proving interesting to onlyRead MoreSummary : Tigress 10460 Words   |  42 PagesSpecies: P. tigris Binomial name Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies P. t. tigris P. t. corbetti P. t. jacksoni P. t. sumatrae P. t. altaica P. t. amoyensis † P. t. virgata † P. t. balica † P. t. sondaica † P. t. trinilensis Tiger map.jpg Tiger s historic range in about 1850 (pale yellow) and in 2006 (in green).[2] Synonyms Felis tigris Linnaeus, 1758[3] Tigris striatus Severtzov, 1858 Tigris regalis Gray, 1867 The tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest cat species, reaching a total body lengthRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesOxford University Press, 1974. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-226-52130-3 (pbk.) 1. Motion pictures—Semiotics. 2. Motion pictures— Philosophy. I. Title. PN1995.M4513 1991 791.43 014—dc20 90-46965 C1P The French edition of Christian Metz s Essais sur la signification au cinema, volume 1, was published by Editions Klincksieck in 1971,  © Editions Klincksieck, 1968. ÃŽËœThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-PermanenceRead MoreNfpa 100630569 Words   |  123 Pagesallow any of us to ever forget that our primary responsibility was to the users of this document and to the rescuer in the field. Technical Correlating Committee on Professional Qualifications Barbara L. Koffron, Chair Phoenix Fire Department, AZ [U] Stephen P. Austin, State Farm Insurance Companies, DE [I] Rep. International Assn. of Arson Investigators, Inc. Timothy L. Bradley, North Carolina Fire Commission, NC [E] Rep. TC on Fire Service Instructor Professional Qualifications (Pro Qual) VL to ProfessionalRead MoreNfpa 100630576 Words   |  123 Pagesallow any of us to ever forget that our primary responsibility was to the users of this document and to the rescuer in the field. Technical Correlating Committee on Professional Qualifications Barbara L. Koffron, Chair Phoenix Fire Department, AZ [U] Stephen P. Austin, State Farm Insurance Companies, DE [I] Rep. International Assn. of Arson Investigators, Inc. Timoth y L. Bradley, North Carolina Fire Commission, NC [E] Rep. TC on Fire Service Instructor Professional Qualifications (Pro Qual) VL to ProfessionalRead MoreLeadership Development42674 Words   |  171 Pagesdiscussions in the network group and comments by its individual members as the review has progressed. The members not already mentioned are: Kamal Birdi, Richard Bolden, Johnathan Gosling, Jim Hillage, Matias Ramirez, Penny Tamkin, Marc Thompson, Stephen Watson and Stephen Wood. 2 1: Executive Summary........................................................................................1 2: Introduction ...............................................................................................Read MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesthe case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlearâ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industry C A S E F I VRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure

Corporation Law Statutory framework

Questions: 1. Define statutory, co-regulatory and self-regulatory frameworks, including advantages and disadvantages. As part of your response provide a relevant example of each framework?2. Provide details of a regulator who uses a co-regulatory model and give an example of how they do this, including any relevant documents/resources that they use?3. Explain the differences between investment and risk based financial products. Give two examples of each and provide details of when/why they are used?4. Summarise the differences between the prudential regulation provided by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority and the consumer protection regulation provided Australian Securities Investment Commission in relation to financial products?5.What actions that Fred Smith is required to undertake in providing services to Bill and Mary. Ensure you cover key definitions and activities as part of your response? Answers: 1. Statutory Framework Under the meaning of the word statutory framework the term statutory has been defined a necessary element which was required by Law. And Framework has been defined as a term which was defined as a basic structure underlying a system or a concept. So The term statutory framework could be defined as a concept which was compulsorily enforced or required by law to be followed. It could also be defined as a lawful structure in which the governing bodies must be described to operate. It also provides a lawful requirement which must be complied with by all the governing organizations. For example, for the cooperation with NGOs a presnt statutory framework which was operative was the Directives concerning UNESCOs partnership with non-governmental organizations. Co- Regulatory Framework If the state regulators and the private regulators co-operate in a mutual organization than such a act would be co-regulatory. Similarly, the framework, structure or concept which they follow in doing a trade would be known as the co- regulatory framework. Basically, term co-regulation includes a variety of diverse regulatory occurrence, a multifaceted communication of general legislation and a self-regulatory authoritative body. This framework has been defined as a practical reply to the usual insight that regulatory frameworks must rapidly acclimatize and repeatedly be utilized to preserve significance and usefulness in quickly developing markets. For example, a code of practice or rating scheme which was established by the regulatory arrangements in consultation with government. Self- regulatory framework The regulatory framework has been a concept for making a framework or concept which was followed by an organization. But the term self- regulation has been defined specifically as the formulated rules and codes of conduct of the organization. As these regulations were made by the superior authorities of an organization for which the organization would be solely accountable for their enforcement. It was basically a chance that includes the voluntarily growth and enforcement of its own answers to address a specific problem, where no formal oversight by a regulator was required. Although, such schemes were seen to be having the lack of lawful backstop in order to act as the guarantor of enforcement. So, for the violation of such regulatory framework the matters must be handled at their own basis and the courts or the other regulatory bodies have no say as these were the business frameworks. For example, the growth of voluntary codes of practice which were followed by the corporation by which the organization would be solely accountable for its enforcement by its own handling scheme. 2. Co-regulation has been defined as the circumstance wherein the organization expands and manages its own preparations but government grants legislative backing to enable the arrangements to be forced. For example, regulation of radio and television content were regarded as the co- regulatory bodies which work together. But the organizations have established codes under section 123 of the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 in consultation with Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA). It has also been confirmed that the essentials that were likely to lead to effective and efficient regulation specifically in connection to the organization wherein self and co-regulatory arrangements have been made and in it ACMA has a major role. This regulator was dedicated for building media and communications perform mutually for all the residents. It was established in 2005 to be a congregated regulator, which was lawfully accountable for the regulation of broadcasting, radio communications and online content. It was also recognized to reply to the transformations which were brought about by the digitalization and netting of conversations. Most of the controls on the construction and allocation of content and the sections of telecommunications services were taken by way of licensing or other supplementary preparations, or by principles and codes (whether co-regulatory or self-regulatory) as they were subject to amendment and version to the networked community and data economy. 3. Financial products have been defined as funds and securities that were recognized to grant the purchaser and the seller with a long term or short term financial benefit. They facilitate dangers to be spread out and liquidity to socialize around a society. Investment Based financial products on one hand have been defined as such goods in which there was a investment being made by a person and it may assist people to grow the money whereas a risk based financial product was the one which provides Credit Scores to clients based on financial act taking into consideration various factors like credit defaults, credit limits, utilization, and many more. Example of investment based financial products could be Hedge Funds. They were the investment funds for wealthy depositors who look to make a protected return by exploring the expertise of the professional fund manager. Futures could also be the investment based goods. Example for risk based financial products could be Bond markets. These bonds were more risky than government bonds and private forms could go bankrupt whereas governments could raise funds. It could also include the home loans. 4. APRA ASIC It was lawfully accountable for the authorization and prudential regulation of Authorised Deposit taking institutions (ADIs). It was lawfully accountable for market truthfulness and consumer protection with the regulation of investment banks. It was regulated by the boards including ex officers and self-regulating Non executive directors. It was governed by the supervisory officials who have a daily liability for its operation. It was also lawfully accountable for the collection of information from the Australian Financial Services Licenses which was permitted to deal in general insurance products. It was the body on whose behalf such collection of data was done. 5. It has been clearly stated that a agency was a fiduciary association that establish from the approval by one individual to another person acting on his behalf that the such an individual act on his/her behalf or subject to his/her authority. Such a association could be created either specifically by verbal or written contract, or it may be indirect through act. A mortgage broker has been defined as a person who acts as an intermediary who brokers mortgage loans on behalf of the people or trades. He subsists to find a bank or a direct lender that would be willing to make particular loan a person was seeking. For example, such a person must consider the best loan good for his or her customer and not to sell loan foods on the basis of what brings him or her highest commission. Such a person has a number of duties towards his clients such as: Must act in the best interest of the borrower in a good faith; Must reveal any interests to the borrowers; Must reveal any material personal interest, etc. Also, there has been a number of banking activities which could divided in a number of ways such as: Retail banking; Corporate Banking; Business banking, etc. Similarly, in the present as Fred Smith being a broker was the person who had a material personal interest n providing the services to Mary and bill. Because he has his private interest to get a additional pay form the bank in which he introduced his clients, So, he would be regarded to be in violation of his responsibilities which he owed towards his customers under law. So, being a Broker Fred Smith would be liable in breach of his responsibility which he had as he did not work with proper care and diligence and good faith towards his customers. Therefore, Mary and Bill have a lawful right to file a case against the broker as he worked for earning more money from the authorized authorities. References Kleinsteuber, H. J. (2017). Self-regulation, Co-regulation, State Regulation. Retrieved on 16th February 2017 from: https://www.osce.org/fom/13844?download=true United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2017). Statutory Framework.Retrieved on 16th February 2017 from: https://en.unesco.org/partnerships/non-governmental-organizations/statutory-framework National Governors Association. (2015). Statutory framework for School Governance. Retrieved on 16th February 2017 from: https://www.nga.org.uk/thenga/media/NGA-Image-Library/Guidance/NGA-Statutory-Framework-final.pdf

The effects of Al

Historical Background Al Khwarizmi was the best mathematician in his time and the term algorithm is from his name. He dedicated his life to finding ways to solve equations and problems through ordinary life as shown in his famous book â€Å"al-Kitab al-mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr w’al-muqabala.† In English, this means â€Å"The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing† (School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2005). This concept is what later evolved and become Algebra (School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The effects of Al-Khwarizmi’s work in Europe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Spheres of influence Al Khwarizmi also wrote a significant text on astronomy, covering calendars, calculating the true location of the sun, moon, and planets (School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2005). He was also instrumental in the constru ction and development of the tables of sine’s and tangents, spherical astronomy, astrological tables, parallax and eclipse calculations, and visibility of the moon (School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2005). Although his astronomical work borrows greatly from the Indians, and the majority of the principles, which he developed, his tables were from Hindu astronomers, and he had some ideas borrowed from Ptolemy’s work as well (Aftab, 1995). Al Khwarizmi also had an impact on the geographical sphere with his book â€Å"Kitab Surat al- Ard† which is translated as the book of the form of the earth. His geographical works gave the foundation for the development of the world map. His work spread all around Europe by 1140s when the translator Robert of the chaster translated a number of arithmetical texts from Arabic to Latin. This helped in spreading the popularity of the books all over Europe hence creating the algebra discipline. This was very significant in the de velopment of science in the west. Latin translation and its impact Al Khwarizmi’s books were available in Latin translation by the early 12th century (Aftab, 1995). As the Roman numerals had become cumbersome to scholars, the Arabic numerals came in as a relief, as they were better and easier to deal with. This led to their fast popularity getting approval from the universities. The use of the Arabic numerals however drew rejection from the Christian adherent who remained loyal to the Roman numerals. Luckily, the Italian traders adopted the Arabic numeral system and greatly helped in the use and adoption of the system to the rest of Europe.Advertising Looking for research paper on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Evidently, the Islamic world had a great influence on the European world, a factor that played a huge role in developing the study of science forming the way for the scientific revolution (Aftab, 1995 ). The Muslims over the years have been very successful in the world of science and their role and impact in Europe was not an exception. In fact, the ancient cities of civilization like Cairo, Damascus, Baghdad, Cordoba to mention but a few are in Muslim domain. The Muslims had seen Europe, as an irrelevant region since by then they had no central governance, they had poor infrastructure as well as lack of scientific technology, which as in the Muslim world. Al Khwarizmi being a Muslim provided the way for all this scientific development in Europe and all over the world eventually. The Arabic mathematical foundation was actually one of the strongest academic foundations all over the world (Fiorina, 2012). However, his newly introduced mathematical system did not receive a warm welcome in the European world. It took time before the Arabic numeric system got approval in the west. A good example of the challenges faced when trying to introduce this system is a particular law in Italy that prohibited the use of Arabic numerals. The system was in universities but with time, the business community adopted it and eventually it became the common numeric language used all over Europe. The invention of the zero by Al Khwarizmi and the introduction of the Arabic numeric system transformed the scientific and academic system into the systems we have today. If it were not for these inventions, the current academic system we enjoy would probably not be in existence and we can only guess what the world would look like. The relevance of his work is in creation of computers and the creation of encryptions. In his book, he says that after considering what calculating was all about, he realized it was always about numbers (Fiorina, 2012). He also realized in his research that the numbers used in solving calculations are all divisible into smaller units since units formed the numbers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The effects of Al-Khwarizmi†™s work in Europe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Number theory In his theory, he asserts that numbers expressed from one to ten was greater than the preceding by one unit (School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2005). His astronomical contribution is incredible. He developed the astronomical table of Sind and Hind, which is a calendar and astronomical study (Fiorina, 2012). Conceivably, his most significant input to arithmetic was his great promotion of the Hindu mathematical structure, which he acknowledged as the influence and good organization required for transforming Islamic and Western arithmetic approaches (Fiorina, 2012). The Hindu numerals zero and 1 – 9 that are the Hindu-Arabic numerals, the Islamic world approved them almost immediately (School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2005). Soon after, the conversion of Al-Khwarizmi’s work in Latin by several writers in the 12th century formed the beginning of the acceptance of his mathematical system around Europe. Al-Khwarizmi’s other imperative input was algebra, an expression following the name of a mathematical manuscript he published in 830 which he called the â€Å"Al-Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-Jabr wa’l-muqabala† as noted earlier in this paper. Al-Khwarizmi sought to go from the precise problems measured by the Indians and Chinese to an additional universal method of assessing problems, by that he formed a theoretical numerical language, which is used all over the earth in the present day. During this period when the Muslims and Indians were experiencing such scientific developments, Europe was still in the Dark Age as their mathematical and scientific endeavors had already stagnated. Scholars in Europe were mainly going for humanities. Contribution in scientific development This had a direct contribution on the scientific development in Europe and brought the entire Europe into a Dark Age. It is on record tha t from the 4th century all way to the 12th century, Europe’s scientific knowledge was very insignificant because of the inefficient Roman numeral system. Clearly, the works of Al-Khwarizmi in mathematics brought light in the European Dark Age and helped revive the scientific developments.Advertising Looking for research paper on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Blinded by religious alienation, Europe almost rejected the Muslim numeric approach introduced by Al-Khwarizmi. The Catholic institution, which was the strongest institution, managed to influence the Christian followers who were the majority to reject the Arabic numeric system. It was not until the Italians adopted this approach that the system spread all over Europe and with time, the Europeans realized the system was better than the old Roman numeric system. The trade between Italians and the east directly affected the growth and spread the knowledge in the 12th century. The growing trade and commerce further caused the need for mathematical solutions in the region (School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2005). Muslims had great impacts on the European region mostly in the academic and scholarly sectors. The idea of colleges came from the Muslim world. History shows that the first college to be set up came from the Muslim world in the late 600s and early 700s (Aftab, 1995). How the Islam impacted Europe The earliest colleges in Europe came in the 13th century, which proves that the Islamic world was the first to come up with colleges and study foundations (Aftab, 1995). They had a similar setting as the Islamic institutions, a good example being the graduation, which in the Muslim setting is Sahib and the undergraduate, which in Islam is Mutafaqqhih (Aftab, 1995). The introduction of the number zero was the core and foundation of the scientific revolution in Europe. Translation of the Arabic numerals into Europe also made mathematical tasks much easier and all of this was possible because of the great mathematician, Al-Khwarizmi. The creation of the algebraic approach was a very significant inventory, which brought tranquility in the human race and their existence. Algebra provides mathematical solutions by describing the relationship between things that vary over time (Syed, 2011). Algebra and its significance The significance of algebra is that through it t he brain can think in completely new patterns and intellectually coming up with solutions to life’s challenges. The trick is that like a muscle, the more the brain works the better it becomes and algebra causes the brain to think hence making it to work, the brain is a muscle and it becomes even better when it is constantly put to work. The advantages of algebra are varied and instrumental in mental health development. This is actually how Al-Khwarizmi works influenced Europe. In his life, he made major contributions in the role he played in developing the Arabic number system. This system replaced the clumsy Roman system so fast due to its easy and straightforward expressions. The Roman system used alphabetical letters and this made mathematical calculations very difficult. Most numbers in the Roman numeric had been just too awkward and this made even the simplest calculation become very hard and the complex once impossible to solve. It was not until he traveled to India tha t Al-Khwarizmi came across an easier way. His contribution to arithmetic Possibly his most imperative assistance to arithmetic was the formation of a decimal-based numeral system as well as the idea of the number zero (Rashed, 1994). This theory came up with the idea of subtracting any number from its self and the result was Sunya the Indian name for zero. In this theory, when one add zero to a number or subtracted from a number, the number remains unchanged as was identified by the Indian mathematician, Brahmasphutasiddhanta, Brahmagupta (School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2005). Most of his work in mathematics as this research shows was inclined towards a more practical dimension. The knowledge he accumulated while in India and the new numeric expression he was able to provide solutions for all calculations in a simpler way compared to the Roman numeral expressions. Nonetheless, the public did not easily approve his new number system due to the use of the number zero as the pla ceholder (Aftab, 1995). It took a number of centuries before his number system got the approval and used as the accepted number system in Europe. Al-Khwarizmi, nevertheless, was capable of using mathematics and algebra to simplify the calculating of inheritance through his number system (Syed, 2011). His discovery formed the foundation of calculating inheritance in the Arab world and this method d still in use even today. The bottom line is that the technology industry would not have grown to the heights it has grown today if the Arab mathematician was not actively involved in pursuing mathematical solutions of physical and practical problems. His contribution goes far beyond the normal solutions in the mathematics field. This theory gave rise to the current technological development and in many other sectors, his invention is fundamental. In the banking and financial sector mathematical and algebra are inevitable. In fact, algebra is the basics of every field of study today thanks to Al-Khwarizmi. His invention also brought forth a number of debates, which lead to a split between mathematicians. Nonetheless, his work has gained much approval worldwide today and it formed the basis of European development especially in technology. Mathematics had a direct influence on Europe. Salvaging Europe out of the Dark Age took the introduction of the Arabic number system, which they initially rejected due to religious reasons. The catholic institution had succeeded in convincing the Europeans that they were superior to the Muslims and that their knowledge was not significant to them. With such a mentality, the west disregarded the mathematicians from the east, Italy, China however embraced the Muslim scholars and accepted their ideas, and consequently they were advancing technologically while Europe was stagnating in the Dark Age. Adopting the number system Due to the trade ties between the east and Italy, Europe was able to adopt the Arabic number system developed by A l-Khwarizmi through his many books translated into Latin. The spread of the system made business much easier and scholars found this new system better to deal with as opposed to the previous Roman numeric system. The negative effects of his work are not as pronounced as his positive impacts. Nonetheless, the battle between Muslims and Christian supremacy was a major event that arose from his work. The rejection of the Arabic system was a religious statement that brought some discretion between the two religions hence a little bit of tension and paranoia between them. Islamic input into Science is however, swiftly deciphered, and transferred from Spain to the rest of Europe (Rashed, 1994). Muslims as a whole contributed to science in many variant ways including the pendulum, which is used to measure time (School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2005). Isaac Newton’s principles are from Islamic knowledge while in the field of Chemistry the Muslims have offered a number of princip les as well. The knowledge transferred to Europe by the Muslim played a vital role in the scientific revolution and development in the region (Fiorina, 2012). The European Renaissance could not have taken place were it not for the introduction of new scientific and mathematical theories and one of the instrumental people to have participated in this was Al-Khwarizmi (Ayyubi, 2006). References Aftab, M, (1995). How Islam Influenced Science. The Islamic Herald. 1(1), 1-2. Ayyubi, N. (2006). Contribution of Al-Khwarizmi to Mathematics and Geography. Web. Fiorina, C. (2012). Technology, Business, and our Way of Life: What is next? Web. Rashed, R. (1994). The development of Arabic mathematics: between arithmetic and algebra. Web. School of Mathematics and Statistics. (2005). Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi. Web. Syed, I. (2011). Al-Khwarizmi: The Father of Algebra. Islamic History. Web. This research paper on The effects of Al-Khwarizmi’s work in Europe was written and submitted by user Brisa Middleton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Environmental Issues in Kolkata Essay Example

Environmental Issues in Kolkata Essay Example Environmental Issues in Kolkata Paper Environmental Issues in Kolkata Paper Water is polluted when poisonous garbage is thrown into the water room various sources like factories, cities etc. Todays world is full of cars, four wheelers, two wheelers etc. And their horns are the cause of sound pollution. Sometime, the sound of sound boxes, mikes at various occasions in a high pitch is one of reasons. These are damaging for heart patients, children etc. And for our ear also. Everyday, huge amount Of poisonous gases are mixing with the air from various sources like factories, cars, bikes etc. And these causes air pollution. As a result, it changes the timetable of the seasons and the seasons will not come according to their time. Because of that our agriculture is vastly damaged. Ecosystem will be totally damaged due to that. Diseases are increasing day by day because of that. It is reported people are dying everyday in an increasing rate due to that. Threes are part of the environment. It balances the amount of oxygen and carbon-dye-oxide. If we cut trees then this balance will be damaged. Instead, we have to plant trees as much as possible. Gobo. Would make some stick laws on environment. Engineers should think how to reduce it and make it possible. It is not only our duty but also our responsibility to save the environment as well as the world. Above all, we all have to forward our hand to build a world that is totally pollution free. Pollution levels across India are some of the highest anywhere in the world. And on top of this pile of polluted places sits Kola. A once beautiful city has been reduced to a huge garbage yard with tons of plastic waste strewn on every square inch of the city. Along with the number of aging buses and trucks spewing smoke the various coal fires and dusty construction sites, have made the landscape a wasteland. But what has conspired to create this situation? Why has the West Bengal government turned a blind eye to the transport contractors? Politics has always been a prominent part of the Kola culture. However the excessive politicking of every issue has made it extremely difficult for legislation to be formed. The government in its quandary chooses to sleep over the various bills in the interest of protecting the environment rather than irk the contractors who pay for the party funds. This has led to an unhealthy environment of government apathy and general callousness, especially in taking care Of the living conditions. In its mandate to provide rights to the poor they have totally neglected the harm being caused to the environment by the millions of poor in the city. The classic case f rampant pollution in the city of Kola are the buses and trucks plying the roads. In a recent move, a number of Nags had petitioned that the pollution norms be strictly applied to the errant bus contractors. However the ministry decided to make the announcement with a rider that people with genuine reasons can get a reprieve from the pollution control measures!! This kind of obvious molly coddling of the transport contractors have further emboldened them, making it impossible for the police on the ground to fine the law breakers. Plastic bags is another area where the West Bengal government has ailed to check pollution. Elsewhere in all other major cities of India, plastic bags are banned as they cause widespread pollution which is difficult to remove. But not in Kola where the poor have to carry their daily bread in plastic bags! The result is that the drainage system is choked in the city and the roads look like an unending garbage yard. Filth and disease accumulate in this waste causing diseases and generally making the whole city an unhealthy place to live in. The present CPRM government is on its way out. They lost in all the by-polls. Here is hoping that the new government when it arrives, will be able to get rid if the lethargy and inaction. If the laws are not implemented soon this city is going to become uninhabitable in the next few years! It is time the West Bengal government understood that giving rights to the poor does not mean that the environment can be abused! We the humans are most dangerous species in the planet earth. We have created the civilization,created the sky scrapers, more modernized living in our world we live in, yet now we are becoming a real threat to human civilization. Day by day we repopulating the water, the environment, air we breathe and creating a global warning.

Writing a Term Paper

Writing a Term Paper Writing a Term Paper Writing a Term Paper Thus, you have to write a term paper and you do not know how to write it. Start with the preparation stage of term paper writing - write down term paper ideas you have on the topic.   You will find it easier to write a term paper if you build an outline first.   Think carefully about what you are going to write. Choose the topic which will be interesting for you and your reader. Decide on the purpose of your term paper writing. Whatever topic you choose, it must fit the academic purpose. Term paper may be descriptive, narrative, or propose solutions to problems. Term paper may be creative in the sense that the authors have an opportunity to explain their points of view creatively. Do not forget to include a thesis statement in the opening part of your term paper.   Thesis statement is a sentence that explicitly identifies the purpose of term paper writing or previews its main ideas. A thesis is the main idea, not the title. It must be a complete sentence that explains in some detail what the reader should expect to find in your term paper. You should include thesis in the first paragraph of your term paper. Term paper must consist of at least three paragraphs. While a two-paragraph term paper may be possible to write, most of the tutors expect to receive a term paper that has a clear introduction, detailed body, and logical conclusion.   The primary purpose of term paper writing is to thoroughly discuss the main idea. Term Paper Format Guidelines Term paper outline will help to write a good academic work. The introduction paragraph is the first paragraph of your term paper. It introduces the main idea of term paper writing. A good opening paragraph attracts the interest of your reader and tells why your topic is important. Write down a good thesis statement. Provide some background information about your topic. You should focus on interesting facts, quotations, or definitions of important terms you will use later in the term paper. Supporting paragraphs make up the main body of your term paper. They develop the main idea. Develop each supporting point into a detailed full paragraph.   You should use transition words to connect supporting paragraphs. Transition words link your paragraphs together and make your term paper easier to read. Use them at the beginning and end of your paragraphs. The summary paragraph comes at the end of your term paper after you have finished developing your ideas. The summary paragraph is a concl usion. It summarizes or restates the main idea of term paper writing. You want to leave the reader with a sense that your term paper is complete. Restate the strongest points of your term paper that support the main idea. Custom Written Term Papers You are welcome to ask our writers for term paper writing help if you are not sure how to write a good term paper by yourself. We are ready to help you with all steps of term paper writing and we guarantee high quality of every term paper delivers.   Entrust your assignment only to experienced writers!

Toulmin analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Toulmin analysis - Assignment Example This is because the former keep the peroxide or whitening agent against the teeth for the longest duration of time (TTWK, 2009). Backing in the form of support for the warrant, are that: whiter teeth enhance the personality, help to establish a better image of oneself, improves one’s social life, and boosts confidence, all of which lead to a better quality of life. Qualifiers: Stains on the teeth occur as a result of drinking red wine, coffee and cola. However, they may be caused by other reasons as well such as the use of tobacco, improper brushing of teeth, or drinking tea. Therefore, the qualified claim is that the most significant causes, though perhaps not the only causes of staining of the teeth are: drinking red wine, coffee and cola. Interpreting the results using the Toulmin Analysis above, indicates that the overall effectiveness of the argument appears to be strong, with a structured support. The argument presented by the manufacturers of Smile Brite teeth whitener appears compelling regarding its high levels of convenience, effectiveness, and ultimate usefulness in improving overall quality of life. According to ADA (2009), recent research conducted by Cochrane collaboration reveals that home-use teeth whiteners have short-term effectiveness in whitening teeth, but further research is required on the long-term outcomes and side effects of their use. The Toulmin Analysis is a useful tool for researchers and writers, since the various parts of an argument: the claim, data/ support and warrants, and the qualifiers, rebuttals and backing for the warrants can be analysed and compared separately. The validity of each argument of other authors, as well as a thorough analysis of the writer’s own arguments results in a critical research study of a topic (Hitchcock & Verheij,

Leading a team through a period of change Essay

Leading a team through a period of change - Essay Example Leadership, essentially a synthesis of arts, reflects individual experience, understanding, values and capabilities, interacting with situations where, realistically, there is rarely an 'ideal' solution. Success as a leader, so often results from the unique originality of individual responses, rather than by following established precepts, without sufficient thought to context and circumstances. This does not mean that today's leaders cannot learn from their predecessors or, for that matter, blithely ignore what is currently reckoned to be 'best practice' (Adair. 2002). Clearly, the distilled wisdom and experience of generations of leaders - successful and otherwise - and the lessons to be drawn from those presently operating in conditions akin to our own, are invaluable sources of learning for anyone in a leadership role, in the dramatically changing and many-sided world of business. Effective leadership must include the intellect, temperament, core values, energy and courage of the individual leader. More recently, the conveniently distorted, or logic of political correctness has also sought to exclude 'nature', by concentrating inappropriately upon 'nurture', as the predominant, if not sole, determinant of leader effectiveness (Belbin, 2004). Traditionally, future trends and events have been projected as extrapolations of past events and data. Based on the premise that the future is the product of the past, planners have developed such forecasting techniques as trend extrapolation and econometric modeling. Elegant as these methods are, their performance in the last several decades has been far from satisfactory (Bridges, 1995). The primary role of the leader, within the organization's executive structure, his or her degree of formal, positional authority, as well as the nature and dynamics of the management hierarchy itself, are all major potential influences in creating the boundaries that must be coped with. The speedy, essentially 'organic' nature of the burgeoning inter-departmental relationships, quickly lead to a series of major restructures, and the emergence of a typical flatter organization, where the informal processes become not only legitimized, but are actively stimulated and encouraged as the previous forma l boundaries progressively disappeared (Chemers, 1997). Before the adoption of a certain leadership strategy or style, the company's executive or manager should analyze and evaluate the nature of change and transition stages (Chase, and Podlesni 2006). Changes are defined as allowing the emerging of a new state of being. The transition strategy is embedded in perspectives on change such as strategic choice, developmental stages, and organizational life cycle. It is also based on the traditional approach to planned change. From these perspectives, organizations eventually proceed through distinct stages, and the task of managers is to effectively manage the transition from one stable state to another. Transition seems to start where transformation ends (Chemers, 1997). The main purpose of transformation is to help organizations to accept the need for change and to generate a new vision, the main purpose of transition is to turn these into reality. Although transition may be seen as

Building an Ethical Organization Essay Example for Free

Building an Ethical Organization Essay The human service organization that I have become a director for is an addiction clinic. The clinic will be providing treatment for people within the community that have addiction problems. There will be programs available for people to receive treatment to meet each individuals needs. The goal will be for the patients to receive the best care available to be able to beat addiction. This clinic’s goal will be provide resources to better the community in which it serves. Each employee will be held to high standard and will have the appropriate training needed to each client to the best of their ability. The clinic wants to help the community by serving the people who suffer from addiction and providing them with the best care possible. Treatment for drug, alcohol, gambling, smoking, and other addictions are all services provided from this clinic. There will be different programs available to meet each person’s different needs. There are several different types of addiction. Every person who has a problem with addiction is different so the clinic will meet all the needs for each. Each program will have different steps for each client to help beat their addiction. The clientele for this clinic will be people who suffer problems with addiction and children whose parents have suffered addiction problems. The clinic will have counseling for families with children so the children can understand what is going on with their parents. The counseling will help the children know how to help their parents and to also make sure that the child is not in a hostile environment. The clinic wants to help families who have suffered addiction to be able to work through their situations and work on their family. Children have suffered because of the addiction problem their parents have. The clinic wants to help counsel the children to help them understand and move forward in a positive direction. Any person who suffers from addiction will be able to come to the clinic to receive the help they need. This clinic is a non-profit clinic. Donations are accepted to help fund each program that is offered. The clinic has fundraisers to help raise money to help keep the clinic open. All the money that is raised goes toward  the programs, staff salaries, building expenses, and all other expenses that help keep the clinic running to the highest standards. Any donation is recognized through the clinic. We take pride in our excellence and want to recognize anyone that helps us in funding the clinic so we can keep achieving our goals. The community is encouraged to be a part of making the clinic better. The clinic wants feedback from the community so we can better serve our clients. The mission statement for the addiction clinic is, to improve a person’s life by providing diverse care for patients who have different addiction problems within the community. The mission statement will support the ethical system because it states that the clinic wants to provide diverse care for patients with different addiction problems. The goal for the clinic is to provide care for the patients that meet their different needs. Every person that comes to the clinic will be different and so there has to be programs available to meet those needs. The mission statement’s sends a positive message to the community because it tells them that the clinic is there to help with addiction problems within the community. Addiction is a problem in every community so the statement tells the community members that there is help available for this problem. The addiction clinic’s value statements are, for all patients to receive quality prevention, treatment, recovery, and support services so they can reach the goal of staying clean from illegal drugs and alcohol abuse. The value statement for this clinic inspires action because it tells people with addiction in the community that there is support for them to reach the goal of staying clean from illegal drugs and alcohol abuse. This value relates to the clinic’s mission statement because they both are stating that they want to help people with addiction. They both state that the clinic want to provide care for the different types of addiction and that they want the best for the patients who received treatment from the clinic. The ethical principles that guide our work are the product of broad-based consultation, are drafted by representatives of professional bodies and organizations, and exist in the form of guidelines and proposed codes of conduct (Gruskin Dickens, 2006). The codes of ethics for this clinic are the following: 1. Work in a manner that supports the clinics mission, goals, and value statement. 2. Uphold the code of ethics to human service professionals. 3. Protect the confidentiality of clients according to the rules and  regulations of HIPPA. 4. Staff must take appropriate steps to unethical behavior of colleagues. 5. Unethical behavior of staff is not acceptable. 6. Staff must follow commitment to the clinic. 7. Staff must be aware of issues that affect clients from diverse backgrounds. 8. Staff must respect the integrity and welfare of each client. 9. Staff must treat clients with acceptance and respect. 10. Sexual relations with clients and or staff members are prohibited. 11. If suspicion of danger or harm may occur, staff must protect the safety of the client, clinic, and employees by following appropriate steps. 12. Staff must stay up on training and classes offered to improve the care given to clients. 13. Discrimination toward clients, staff, and community is not accepted. 14. Sexual misconduct toward clients, staff, and community is not accepted. 15. Sexual harassment toward clients, staff, and community is not accepted. The code of ethics listed above gives employees a list of appropriate behavior while employed with the clinic. Each employee must follow every ethic that is listed to ensure that the employees of the clinic are giving the best care to the clients that is expected. The code of ethics is related to the mission and values of the clinic because it helps the staff give the best care available to the clients in the community with helping with the problem of addiction. According to the Healthcare Leadership Alliance (HLA), the professionalism competency is the ability to align personal and organizational conduct with ethical and professional standards that include a responsibility to the patient and community, a service orientation, and a commitment to lifelong learning and improvement (Garman, Evans, Drouse, Anfossi, 2006). The values of the clinic are very important. Each employee should be aware and know them by memory. This way each employee knows what is expected out of them from the clinic. Each employee is held to a high standard and should be aware of the values and ethics of the clinic. The clinic uses tangible cultural forms. I want to promote ethics and values in the everyday work  environment. This form allows the staff to hear and use the ethics and values everyday so they stay fresh in their minds and they stay cautious of their actions. If the employees are reminded everyday of the ethics and values of the clinic then they will be no reason for the employees to not follow them. Shared values are hung throughout the clinic that shows the clinic’s values. This keeps the staff aware of the values by reminding them as they walk through the hallways of the clinic. Meetings are held each month that allows the staff and the directors meet and go over feedback from the community. During these meeting the values and ethics are discussed with the staff so they are reminded of what is expected. This allows the staff to give feedback on the values and ethics. As a leader in this type of clinic there are several moral responsibilities that I have. I not only have moral responsibilities toward the clients that the clinic serves but also to the employees. I have moral responsibility for each client because they reaching out for help. I want to offer them every possible resource so they can get out of their situation. If the shelter fails on doing so then the clients could return to their addiction and possibly end up in a worse situation. I am morally responsible for the employees because they have to know how to handle these types of situations. As leaders, it is our responsibility to be catalysts and role models for our professional colleagues by both retaining and communicating a profound sense of optimism regarding the future of the law, health care, and our respective organizations (Gragnolati Stupak, 2002). I want the employees of the clinic to lead by example. I hold myself with high standards and follow each rule. I go to training when they are offered to ensure that I stay educated on any issues so I can better serve the clinic, staff, and clients. My goal as the leader is to have a staff that holds themselves to the same standards as I use. This way each employee keeps the same goals and wants the same for the clinic and the clients. For this clinic I use transformation leadership. I want my employees to trust me as their leader. I think that with this type of leader, the employees are comforted because they know that the leader is just as much invested to fixing any problem that arises. The employees have to have the proper training so they know how to counsel the clients and know what resources to offer them. If the employees fail in doing so then as a leader I also fail. Each staff member must go through training to ensure  that they give the best care to each client. They must keep up on certifications if needed. Each staff member has an evaluation done every 3 months to ensure that they are giving the best care to the clients and to make sure that the employee is following the code of ethics, mission, and values. Appropriate steps are taken if the employee fails to follow the rules and termination may occur if needed. The clinic does not tolerate employees who are not loyal to the clinic, clients, and the staff. The clinic wants employees who are there that can follow the rules and ethics of the clinic. Each client takes a feedback survey so the clinic can evaluate the programs and employees. We want each program offered to be the best it can to help serve the clients. Feedback from the clients helps the clinic know what areas of each program are working and which ones are not. This way the programs can be fixed to help meet the needs of the clie nts. This clinic will provide different care for patients battling addiction. Each patient will be in programs that best fits their needs. The clinic will have qualified workers to help meet the needs of each patient. The mission and value statement both send positive messages to the community because it tells them that the clinic is there to help with the problems of addiction within the community. These statements also state that the clinic wants the patients to receive the best treatment to help with the addiction problem. There are fifteen codes of ethics that each employee of the clinic must know and follow. The ethics makes the employee aware of what is expected of them as an employee of the clinic. Each employee should be aware of all twelve codes of ethics and should follow them accordingly. Tangible cultural forms are used in the clinic. This allows the clinic to promote the values and ethics through the work environment. The clinic holds high standards for the employee. Each employee has evaluations done to make sure the employees are giving the best care for each client. This keeps employees aware of issues that they need to work on so they can become better with the care that they give. The clinic strives to help each client meet the goal in recovery. With all the steps the clinic makes to achieve this goal, an ethical organization has been built. References Garman, A. N., Evans, R., Drouse, M. K., Anfossi, J. (2006, July / Aug). Professionalism. Journal of Healthcare Management, 51(), 219. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/pqdweb?index=62did=1092901951SrchMode=1sid=9Fmt=4VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1289765094clientId=13118 Gragnolati, B. A., Stupak, R. J. (2002, Summer). Life and Liberty: The power of positive purpose. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration, 25(), 75. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/pqdweb?index=3did=677546611SrchMode=1sid=2Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1289762787clientId=13118 Gruskin, S., Dickens, B. (2006, November). Human rights and ethics in public health. American Journal of Public Health, 96(11), 1903. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/pqdweb?index=35did=1159402191SrchMode=1sid=2Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1289763672clientId=13118

Understanding The Cause Of Hom Essay -- essays research papers

"Being homeless is often defined as sleeping on the streets. Although this is the most visible and severe form of homelessness, there are many other types of acute housing need. These include living in temporary accommodation, poor or overcrowded conditions, or being in mortgage arrears and under threat of re-possession." (Hope 1986) It is a symptom of many complex problems: mental illness, emotional instability, illiteracy, chronic substance abuse, unemployment, and, most basic of all, breakdown of the family structure. Anyone can become homeless and the reasons that force people into homelessness are many and varied. The leading cause, however, of homelessness in the United States is the inability of poor people to afford housing. "Housing costs have risen significantly over the last decade, while the incomes of poor and middle-class Americans have stagnated." (Erickson 1991) The millions of Americans who are unemployed or work in low-paying jobs are among the most vulnerable to becoming homeless. Therefore, homelessness, housing and income are inextricably linked. Low-income people are frequently unable to pay for housing, food, child-care, health care, and education. Difficult choices must be made when limited resources cover only some of these necessities. Often it is housing, which takes a high proportion of income that must be dropped. Two major sources of income are from employment and public assistance. A decrease in either one of them would certainly put poor people at risk of homelessness. Additionally, minimum wage earnings no longer lift families above the poverty line. "More than 3 million poor Americans spend more than half of their total income on housing, yet the Department of Housing and Urban Development estimates families should spend no more than 30%." (Gilbert 1993) Although many homeless adults are employed, they work in day-labor jobs that do not meet basic needs, while technological acceleration excludes others from a competitive job market. Many factors have contributed to declining work opportunities for large segments of the workforce, including the loss of well-paying manufacturing jobs. The decline in relatively secure and well-paying jobs in manufacturing, which have been replaced by less secure and poorly-paid jobs in the service sector, has greatly limited the opportunities for poorly-educate... ...ehabilitation of old buildings by minimal funding are common projects to provide shelters for the homeless people. However, some observers suggests that making "the renovation of buildings for low-income housing attractive, that is, profitable, for developers or investors" (Urban Land 1986) can be the solution to the homeless problem. Our examination makes it clear that piecemeal intervention can alleviate emergency shelter crises, but such action will not resolve the long-term problem of finding permanent shelter for the homeless and returning them to the mainstream of society wherever possible, which we regard as the ultimate goal of intervention. Equally obvious is that while long-term intervention strategies are vital, they do not address the problems of survival for those presently without shelter and support. We conclude that both long-term and short-term measures are necessary, but that all the solutions should be based on integrated, comprehensive understanding of the homelessness problem. Only such a comprehensive approach will allow planners to develop workable strategies with any chance for success.

The main purpose of the National Rifle Association (NRA)

The main purpose of the National Rifle Association (NRA)[1] is to â€Å"promote and encourage rifle shooting on a scientific basis†.[2]   Along with this key initiative, the NRA has other promoting sights that harbor the same motto such as the Institute for Legislative Action[3], and the NRA Foundation[4] (Source Watch, December 2005). The goals of the NRA may be considered conservative because it is an organization priding itself on the proper use of gun control, and it repeatedly goes back to the second admendemnt that allows citizenry to bear arms.   The goals tend to be more on the conservative side since the point of the organization is for citizenry to keep and use firearms and hold a militia in case of infringing governemnt control.   The side that counteracts any deceitful government with military action as the second amendment states[5], The Second Amendment guarantees: â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† This guarantees a citizen's right to keep and bear arms for personal defense. The revolutionary experience caused our forebears to address a second concern — the ability of Americans to maintain a citizen militia. The Founding Fathers trusted an armed citizenry as the best safeguard against the possibility of a tyrannical government. The NRA then is a conservative organization.   This is true because the NRA is only for law-abiding citizens having guns while a liberal stance would be for no one having a gun.   That is the main difference.   Conservatives then believe that guns are used for self-defense.   The main base of the NRA is shooting according to a scientific basis, and therefore gun control is not ideal for an NRA member.   They believe that gun control laws are not applicable in today’s society although there are staggering statistics that prove that gun control does work because per capita countries with gun control laws have less gun related incidents and death[6].   In all the NRA is a very conservative organization. One of the main politicians that oppose the gun control issue is former congressman John Thune[7].   The politician that is for gun control is Senate Minority Leader Tom Daschle.   Their views are very much strictly conservative opposing fundamental liberalism.   In areas such a gun control and the laws arising in the senate for or against these laws both politicians have adamantly stood in contrast to the other, as the NRA website states in Cox’s article, Since 1986, Daschle has cast literally dozens of anti-gun votes in the U.S. Senate. He voted for the Clinton gun ban in 1994 and again earlier this year. He voted for prohibitions that would have shut down gun shows across America†¦ And as the leader of his party in the U.S. Senate, Daschle carries far more clout and control over fellow Democrats than you might think. And time after time, he has chosen to use that raw power against gun owners. In contrast, Daschle’s challenger, former Congressman John Thune, has been a committed defender of Second Amendment freedom since his first vote in Congress. During his tenure in the House, John Thune voted to prohibit the federal government from keeping computerized records of gun purchases and to protect the American tradition of weekend gun shows. These two politicians are polar opposites with issues concerning guns.   Of course on of the biggest debates on gun issues arose in the 2004 elections with John Kerry being obdurately opposed to guns and even wanted to ban them while Bush of course took the other stance and advocated guns and by extension the NRA. In the NRA’s goals of liberty, equality, and democracy hold true to the idea of freedom.   That is why the Second Amendment is so vital to the NRA’s standing infrastructure; it allows citizens to hold onto freedom with militia and guns in case of the inception of an autocratic government or despot scenario.   In this belief the NRA has a foundation dedicated to education about freedom and guns. The goal again of the NRA is to â€Å"promote and encourage rifle shooting on a scientific basis†.  Ã‚   The ideal of democracy is a nation for the people and the NRA seeks to uphold that goal.   In order to do so, and the maintain liberty, and equality the NRA foundation is a modicum that allows for people to exerise their right of bearing arms, as the website states, Established in 1990, The NRA Foundation, Inc., is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization that raises tax-deductible contributions in support of a wide range of firearm related public interest activities of the National Rifle Association of America and other organizations that defend and foster the Second Amendment rights of all law-abiding Americans. These activities are designed to promote firearms and hunting safety, to enhance marksmanship skills of those participating in the shooting sports, and to educate the general public about firearms in their historic, technological and artistic context. The Foundation is about protection; protecting freedom through use of guns.   In all, the goals of the NRA in direct accord with their view of liberty, equality and democracy. There are however interest groups that exist that oppose the NRA and their beliefs.   Some of these groups are affiliated with animal protection.   Though the NRA does hunt animals they do so with proper licensure.   The animal rights groups (FETA, National Humane Society of America) oppose the use of trapping, baiting, and hunting with dogs.   The opposition stems from the NRA believing every animal should be hunted without restriction to the animal rights groups wanting to limit hunting on specific species (bear, dove, etc) because of endangerment and other issues. In other instances the NRA helps to control a rising population of animal through hunting, as the website further states, Animal â€Å"rights† extremists from The Humane Society of the United States and other groups came out in strong support of a bill to stop the bear hunt in Maryland. Maryland DNR opposes the legislation and maintains this is needed to properly manage the bear population. The opposition to guns and by extension to the NRA is that they do not regulate their hunting but instead say that hunting a citizen’s right.   On the other hand, the NRA helps to maintain population control by hunting.   If hunters (or NRA active supporters) did not hunt then the population might get out of control and that animal would invading the space of humans, and in the case of the white-tailed deer their numbers would increase steadily and more people would get into wrecks because their population wasn’t checked through the use of fire-arms.   Also, in the view of an NRA member, hunting is a legitimate means by which to supply their family with food; so not only is hunting good for society but it is also good for the family. The NRA also has volunteer positions in its organization.   These positions include duties such as protecting freedom for gun owners.   Volunteers answer calls for the organization, and are called EVC (Election Volunteer Coordinators).   These volunteers as the NRA website states, †¦all EVCs serve on a voluntary basis, and ARE NOT employed by NRA. Rather, like you, they are NRA Members and volunteers who have stepped forward to help organize fellow Second Amendment supporters in an effort to protect our freedoms. If you are able to give ANY time to assist with volunteer activities in support of local pro-gun candidates, please contact the EVC in your area. The point of becoming a volunteer is to be actively involved in the protection of the Second Amendment in one’s own community.   A volunteer makes their surrounding community aware of the NRA and its issues through town-hall meetings, writing letters, writing newspaper articles, and in other ways during election years so that the citizenry is aware of the gun issues at hand are better equipped with gun knowledge.   There are also volunteer organizations involved with promoting the ideas of the NRA, one of which is the Firearms Coalition of Colorado and as the NRA website states, Formed 14 years ago to fight the City of Denver`s attempts to ban numerous semi-auto firearms, the Firearms Coalition of Colorado (FCC) exemplifies just what it means to be a â€Å"volunteer organization.† During the last 14 years, working side-by-side with NRA-ILA, FCC has steadfastly continued its efforts to thwart countless attacks by anti-gun politicians at the local and state levels. These are the ladies and gentlemen that you commonly find working at 3:00 a.m. if that is what it takes to get the job done. The purpose of volunteers and volunteer organizations is to promote gun awareness and to advocate the Second Amendment. The NRA is an organization dedicated to fire arms and the proper use of such firearms.   It is a strong advocate of the Second Amendment and is proud to take control of guns and the rights of the citizenry to use those guns for personal purpose without the interference of the government.   As their website states, and this paper reiterates, the NRA was Established in 1975, the Institute for Legislative Action (ILA) is the â€Å"lobbying† arm of the National Rifle Association of America. ILA is committed to preserving the right of all law-abiding individuals to purchase, possess and use firearms for legitimate purposes as guaranteed by the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It is therefore an organization priding itself on protecting an individual’s freedom, equality and democracy.   To achieve this, volunteers work during elections to ensure everyone is aware of gun issues and how to ensure that guns are not banned from the country.   The right to bear arms is important to the NRA because it ensures that an autocratic government does not take control of the nation, and guns are an important decipherer in that equation of freedom. Work Cited Friends of NRA.   ;http://www.nrafoundation.org/; NRA Organization.   ;http://www.nraila.org/index.aspx; Source Watch.   (December, 2005).   National Rifle Association.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ;http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=National_Rifle_Association; [1] A foundation founded in 1871 ( [2] This quote can be found on the NRA website at, http://www.nra.org/ [3] This is the NRA’s lobbying arm, which means it is a group of legislatures promoting the cause of the NRA with politicians and other public officials. [4] a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization, which provides â€Å"a means to raise millions of dollars to fund gun safety and educational projects of benefit to the general public.† (NRA website). [5] This quote is found on the NRA website and it furthers to explain the cause of the organization in regards to its fundamental motto and the fact that the NRA is trying to protect and legislate a citizens right to weapons in case of a tyrannical government. [6] There is a list of other conservative related issues pertaining to the NRA that are: conservatives believe that background checks are not necessary for owning a gun, it is unlawful to license gun owners, again there is the Second Amendment for the bearing of arms to protect individual rights, the NRA also holds true that it is wrong for individuals to sue gun companies. [7] Of South Dakota

Jorge Luis Borges: the Blind Man

Tyreak Kellem Hispanic Literature- Spring Semester, 2013 Narrative Exam Horacio Xaubet Narrative Exam I I. Jorge Luis Borges: (a. ) â€Å"†¦ in every story the protagonists are thousands, visible and invisible, living and dead. † The protagonist is the leading character of a story, novel or any literary work. A protagonist is also defined in the modern sense as a supporter or advocate of a social or political cause. The Protagonist is the primary figure of any narrative and the events of the plot are closely associated with the protagonist.Being the central character, the protagonist typically enjoys the most empathy from the audience. Often the protagonist may be the hero who enjoys being the focal point of the narrative and engages the emotions of the audience. It is also possible for the protagonist to be the villain or antihero of the story. In most cases, a story may contain subplots, each having its own protagonist distinct from the main protagonist. In addition to this, each story may neglect to highlight every protagonist. (b. â€Å"Now I possess the secret, I could enunciate it a hundred different and even contradictory ways. I'm not sure how to tell you the secret, now is precious and science, our science, it seems a mere frivolity. He added after a pause: The secret, otherwise it is not worth what they're worth the paths that led me to it. † From this quote, I learned that through his travels he acquired a mental understanding that through the English language we neglect to understand that it has a broader meaning than what we are being taught.Also, he stated that now that he has possession of the â€Å"secret† he could pronounce this secret in a hundred different ways and could even be opposing. Therefore, now that the secret is precious, our science is still mere foolishness. The English language is still â€Å"ignorant† to even comprehend the value behind the â€Å"secret. † (c. ) The first-person, â€Å"Ià ¢â‚¬  is telling about his relationship to â€Å"The other one, the one called Borges. † The focus is on the consciousness of the â€Å"I† who is exploring his feelings, perceptions about the relationship.The story is a meditation on the vertiginous complexities of self-consciousness. The story explores the sense of self as dual, the split between a private â€Å"I†; the self-known by itself and a public persona, the self-known by others. It expresses a multitude of feelings of the private â€Å"I† toward the public self-feelings of difference, strangeness and otherness; feelings of dependence, resentment and criticism; feelings of ambivalence. And finally feelings of confusion about the relationship: Is the private â€Å"I† no less a persona than the public self? â€Å"I do not know which of us has written this page. It is also a reflection on the relationship between a writer and his private self, how the writer turns his private self into art. How he transforms even his most intimate feelings about being used into a work of art. II. Pardo Bazan: (a. ) â€Å"And with the closed fist struck head first, then the face, pushing the fearful little hands, so not yet altered work with who hid Ildara, trembling. † From the very beginning we witnessed a sad spectacle. The image of a girl forced by the circumstances of poverty and the need to help her father appears at first sight.The narration is alternated with the description and dialogue in a way that is orderly and accurate fulfilling the role of the author to ready. For my dialogue explains, makes us speak the characters whom we know better, gives them life and Pardo Bazan puts us as silent witnesses of what happens in-house Ildara through description, torn, natural and real. However, the author belongs to the realist movement that fixed his attention on social problems as a reaction to romanticism whose escape makes escape reality.It does not prevent its reality prese nts it so stark as well as we can see the description of the face of Ildara destroyed us cover eyes to not see as it has been the face: ‘beaten nose', crushed the eye, destroyed mouth, tooth that is on hand with his face bleeding. In which I see traits of naturalism: the stark representation of the facts. In the story, the reader may find different approaches to define the theme for what I consider that the same must infer it. (b. ) While this short story does not involve death, it nevertheless involves a substantial tragedy.The tragedy in â€Å"Las medias rojas† occurs when Ildara’s beauty and essentially hope is destroyed by a violent father who disfigures her by violently beating her over a pair of red stockings she bought. When the story is examined it seems that the red stockings represent the hope and happiness that Ildara feels over the thought that she will soon be leaving her poor and destitute life for a better life. Unlike Ildara, Ildara’s fathe r does not want to leave and therefore disfigures Ildara so that she also cannot leave.The tragic disfiguration of Ildara is very important in that, Ildara’s beauty was what promised her that spot on the ship that would take her to a better life, but without that beauty Ildara no longer has a chance to leave as the ship only accepts the beautiful. On a figurative level, by destroying Ildara’s beauty, Ildara’s father destroys her hope of ever living a better life. By presenting such a brutal way of how one can be rendered hopeless, I believe that Bazan is sending a message about not only the brutality of life, but also the hopelessness that fills the lives of many.Hopelessness in my opinion is the greatest tragedy of all because without hope what is there to live for? Furthermore, this idea of hopelessness is really something that is at the heart of all these tragedies that we see in Spanish literature. In constantly putting tragedy after tragedy in their works, Hispanic authors are not trying to render life as something that is inherently dismal rather they are trying to show that hope is what keeps us alive and that when we allow the tragedies of our lives to consume us we subject ourselves to losing the most important thing that keeps us going each and every day, and that is hope.III. Juan Rulfo: (a. ) In this story we witness a common theme in Mexican literature, as well as in that of Latin America as a whole: the problematic nature of the father-son relationship. Ignacio’s relationship with his father is interesting in and of itself for the way in which the father, despite being clearly at odds with his son, nevertheless undertakes the incredible task of carrying him to Tonaya. It can be also be read, however, as an allegory of the problematic relationship of the post-revolutionary period with the idealistic Revolution that preceded it.Although the allegory is far from obvious, we can see the outlines of this problem in the rela tionship of Ignacio and his father. The father clearly had great hopes for his family but these quickly faded with the loss of his wife and the fragmentation of his family. The next generation, his son Ignacio, due in part to the impossibility of this ideal â€Å"family† and his own shortcomings, has become corrupted, much like many during the post-revolutionary period. One could rgue â€Å"No dogs bark† has some of the theatrical qualities of tragedy in the fatalistic manner in which the characters are driven towards their inevitable destruction. This quality is supported by the way the story largely consists of dialog between the father and son. It is also notable that â€Å"No dogs bark† also exhibits a tendency towards romanticism. The night, the moon and the individual heroism of the father in carrying his son contribute to this romantic impulse, and these elements serve in turn to heighten the force of the story’s tragic ending.

Changing from Base 10 to Base 2 in Mathematics

Changing from Base 10 to Base 2 in Mathematics Suppose we have a number in base 10 and want to find out how to represent that number in, say, base 2. How do we do this? Well, there is a simple and easy method to follow. Let’s say I want to write 59 in base 2. My first step is to find the largest power of 2 that is less than 59.So let’s go through the powers of 2: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64. Okay, 64 is larger than 59 so we take one step back and get 32. 32 is the largest power of 2 that is still smaller than 59. How many â€Å"whole† (not partial or fractional) times can 32 go into 59? It can go in only once because 2 x 32 64 which is larger than 59. So, we write down a 1. 1 Now, we subtract 32 from 59: 59 – (1)(32) 27. And we move to the next lower power of 2. In this case, that would be 16. How many full times can 16 go into 27? Once. So we write down another 1 and repeat the process. 1 1 27 – (1)(16) 11. The next lowest power of 2 is 8.How many full times can 8 go into 11?Once. So we write down another 1. 111 11 11 – (1)(8) 3. The next lowest power of 2 is 4.How many full times can 4 go into 3?Zero.So, we write down a 0. 1110 3 – (0)(4) 3. The next lowest power of 2 is 2.How many full times can 2 go into 3?Once. So, we write down a 1. 11101 3 – (1)(2) 1. And finally, the next lowest power of 2 is 1. How many full times can 1 go into 1?Once. So, we write down a 1. 111011 1 – (1)(1) 0. And now we stop since our next lowest power of 2 is a fraction.This means we have fully written 59 in base 2. Exercise Now, try converting the following base 10 numbers into the required base 16 into base 416 into base 230 in base 449 in base 230 in base 344 in base 3133 in base 5100 in base 833 in base 219 in base 2 Solutions 1001000013211000110101122101314410000110011

How to Use a Pell Grant Calculator

How to Use a Pell Grant Calculator SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're trying to plan out your college expenses, the ability to estimate your federal aid eligibility can be a big advantage. There are so many factors to take into account, though - it might be hard to know where to begin. The good news is that calculating your Pell Grant eligibility probably isn't as hard as you think it is. And there's an added bonus: calculating Pell Grant eligibilitywill also generate informationabout other federal aid programs, like Stafford loans and work study. Best of all, it should only take about 10 minutes! Read on to learn about what you need to get started and how to calculate your eligibility. What Information Do You Need Before You Get Started? There are certain pieces of information that you probably don't need to research - like how many siblings you have, or your marital status - thataffect Pell Grant calculations. The calculator will also check for certain federal aid eligibility requirements.If you don't meet all federal requirements, you can't receive the Pell Grant; check out our Pell Grant eligibility guide for more information before you get started. The information you probably will need to research will be on your family's finances. If you don't have the documentation on hand it's fine to give estimates, but your calculations probably won't be as accurate.Here's thedocumentation you should have when you do your calculations: Your parents' most recent tax returns. Specifically, you need their adjusted gross income. The calculator will tell you exactly what line number you can find the adjusted gross income, depending on what form you have available. Your parents' asset net worth.The calculator will estimate an asset net worth based on the adjusted gross income you enter, but you may need to edit this. Asset net worth is defined as what your parents own (money, businesses, investments) minus any debt on those assets. You shouldn't include your parents' home or retirementplans. Your own most recent tax returns and asset net worth.If you don't file taxes or have any assets (like cash savings), you don't have to worry about inputting this information. Once you've gathered all this information, all you need to do is plug it into the federal aid calculator! What was that thing Ben Franklin said about taxes again? How Do I Actually EstimateMy Pell Grant Award? If you have financial information discussed above, this next step should be quick and easy. First, you should know there's no dedicated application for the Pell Grant - instead, all applicants are considered for it when they submit their Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. To calculate your Pell award, we'll be using the FAFSA aidcalculatorcalled ... wait for it ... the FAFSA4caster.The FAFSA4caster isn't the actual application, so using it doesn't mean you've submitted an application for the Pell Grant. Although the calculator is pretty accurate, there's no guarantee that you'll receive the exact amount of aid estimated by the 4caster. To get started, click here and select theFAFSA4casterlink towards the top of the page. From there, follow the prompts on the screen; answer all questions as honestly as possible for an accurate estimate.There's a "helps and hints" section on the right side of the screen that will provide more information about the question prompts. Interpreting Your Calculator Results I completed an example calculation to demonstrate how to interpret your federal aid eligibility results. Keep in mind that my (fake!) results will likely look different from yours. Here's an example of what an aid eligibility calculation looks like before you enter college cost Whenmaking this example, I chose all of the standard options (no special housing circumstances, married/remarried parents, US citizen), didn't enter any personal income, and set my "parents'" income to $50,000. Based on this information, I would be eligible for a $2885 Pell Grant, in addition to $1465 in work-study and $5,500 in Stafford Loans.You can see these results in the image above. You've probably noticed that there are some blank boxes for state grants, college grants, and scholarships. The FAFSA4caster doesn't calculate these for you - it's just for federal aid - but itincludes these boxes in case you have other sources of aid you wanted to take into account. What you can do next, if you'd like, is calculate the difference betweenthe total cost of college and the amount of aid you get. The difference would be the remaining balance, or what you would be responsible for paying. Using the same information as above, I entered a College Cost of $30,000 and pressed "calculate." An example estimate of college cost minus total aid available In this example, my total aid (Pell Grant + work study + Stafford Loan) subtracted from my College Cost ($30,000) leaves me with a difference of $20,210. You'll notice that at the bottom of your calculation page there are spots to input savings and additional loan amounts - these numbers can be helpful to play around with if you're working out how to pay that remaining balance. What if the Aid You're Eligible For Isn't Enough? You've figured out roughly what you'll have to pay for college after accounting for federal aid, but what if that "difference" calculation is more than you expected? The good news is that you have other opportunities for aid. State financial aid also uses information generated by the FAFSA, so make sure to submit your application sooner rather than later. You can also look into private loans, scholarships through your school, or other merit-based scholarships. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Financial report analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial report analysis - Essay Example The company’s sales have increased by almost 78% from the year 2005 till the year 2009. The company’s sales figures have increased 15.5% on average over the years i.e. from 2005 to 2009 (9%(2006) + 14% (2007) + 18% (2008) + 21% (2009 ? 4). This shows an increasing trend in the sales figure over all the preceding years. The Earnings before Interest, Tax and Amortization (EBITA) have been showing encouraging signs for the shareholders of the company over the five year period. BAE group’s net profit had also been following an increasing trend but the result of 2009 has been of highest worry for its stakeholders, the company reported a loss of ?45 million as compared to a profit of ?1,768 million in the year 2008, this shows a hefty reduction of ?1,813 million which equates to a reduction of approximately 102% in the reported profits of 2009 when compared with that of 2008. This loss has been made as a result of some great changes in the company’s income gener ating assets. The major contribution towards this loss has been attributed to the reduction in foreign exchange gains. This has been because of the weakening of the Dollar currency. BAE systems had to face an incredible strike because of the weakened US Dollar and because of it the gains diminished in the year 2009 as compared to the previous years when those gains were really higher. The second most obvious reason for this loss was because of the reduction in the Interest Income for BAE systems, the interest income within the company has been an influential factor in reducing the effect of the high interest payments and other expenditures. To further understand the financial performance of the company, the ratio analysis technique is used. There are different types of ratios available to ascertain the different operating areas of a company. The Profitability Ratios ascertain the efficient performance of a company. According to the profitability ratios, the returns for the sharehold ers/investors of BAE systems have reduced heavily, the company’s ROCE has reduced from 11.5% in the year 2008 to 7.3% in the year 2009 and the return for the equity shareholders has also reduced drastically. Such a reduction in the Returns for the shareholders would discourage future potential investors to invest in the company but BAE systems have not practically reduced this return offered to its shareholders in fact the company increased its dividend by 10% to 16 pence per share in the year 2009 as compared to 14.5 pence per share in 2008. The Gross Profit and the Net profit margin also reduced in the year 2009 as compared to prior years, the only strengthening feature for the company is its trend to increase its dividend over the last four to five years (the company’s dividend per share had been 10.3 pence per share in 2005). Liquidity ratios are a measure of ascertaining the day to day running of a company; it is merely a measure of ascertaining a company’s ability to pay off its obligations as they fall due. These obligations are generally the current liabilities and these current liabilities can be met by having appropriate current assets. The current ratio is a measure that analyses a company’s ability to pay off its current liabiliti